MD5 is a widely used hash function. It's been used in a variety of security applications and is also commonly used to check the integrity of files

The SHA hash functions were designed by the National Security Agency (NSA). SHA-1 is the most established of the existing SHA hash functions, and it's used in a variety of security applications and protocols. Though, SHA-1's collision resistance has been weakening as new attacks are discovered or improved.

In February 2004, a change notice was issued for FIPS PUB 180-2 to include an additional variant SHA-224, which was defined to comply with the key length required for dual-key 3DES

SHA-256 is one of the four variants in the SHA-2 set. It isn't as widely used as SHA-1, though it appears to provide much better security.

The five algorithms of the SHA family, SHA-1, SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, and SHA-512, were designed by the National Security Agency (NSA) and published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). It's a U.S. government standard. The latter four are sometimes called SHA-2 together.

SHA-512 is largely identical to SHA-256 but operates on 64-bit words rather than 32.

SHA-3 is the winner of a five-year competition to select a new cryptographic hash algorithm where 64 competing designs were evaluated.

RIPEMD-160 is a modified version of MD4 that generates 20-byte digest values and is almost as secure as SHA-1 (note that the SHA-1 standard does not say how the K value is determined, which is very suspicious). RIPEMD-160 can be thought of as two MD4 computates in parallel, and if two threads are used, the performance will not be much different.

Keyed-hash message authentication codes (HMAC) is a mechanism for message authentication using cryptographic hash functions. HMAC can be used in combination with any iterated cryptographic hash function.

Keyed-hash message authentication codes (HMAC) is a mechanism for message authentication using cryptographic hash functions. HMAC can be used in combination with any iterated cryptographic hash function.

Keyed-hash message authentication codes (HMAC) is a mechanism for message authentication using cryptographic hash functions. HMAC can be used in combination with any iterated cryptographic hash function.

Keyed-hash message authentication codes (HMAC) is a mechanism for message authentication using cryptographic hash functions. HMAC can be used in combination with any iterated cryptographic hash function.

Keyed-hash message authentication codes (HMAC) is a mechanism for message authentication using cryptographic hash functions. HMAC can be used in combination with any iterated cryptographic hash function.

Keyed-hash message authentication codes (HMAC) is a mechanism for message authentication using cryptographic hash functions. HMAC can be used in combination with any iterated cryptographic hash function.

Keyed-hash message authentication codes (HMAC) is a mechanism for message authentication using cryptographic hash functions. HMAC can be used in combination with any iterated cryptographic hash function.

PBKDF2 is a password-based key derivation function. In many applications of cryptography, user security is ultimately dependent on a password, and because a password usually can't be used directly as a cryptographic key, some processing is required. A salt provides a large set of keys for any given password, and an iteration count increases the cost of producing keys from a password, thereby also increasing the difficulty of attack.

The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is a U.S. Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS). It was selected after a 5-year process where 15 competing designs were evaluated.

DES is a previously dominant algorithm for encryption, and was published as an official Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS). DES is now considered to be insecure due to the small key size.

Triple DES applies DES three times to each block to increase the key size. The algorithm is believed to be secure in this form.

Rabbit is a high-performance stream cipher and a finalist in the eSTREAM Portfolio. It is one of the four designs selected after a 3 1/2-year process where 22 designs were evaluated.

RC4 is a widely-used stream cipher. It's used in popular protocols such as SSL and WEP. Although remarkable for its simplicity and speed, the algorithm's history doesn't inspire confidence in its security.

It was discovered that the first few bytes of keystream are strongly non-random and leak information about the key. We can defend against this attack by discarding the initial portion of the keystream. This modified algorithm is traditionally called RC4-drop.

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